Abstract            Volume:7  Issue-12  Year-2019         Original Research Articles

Online ISSN : 2347 - 3215 Issues : 12 per year Publisher : Excellent Publishers Email : editorijcret@gmail.com

Tuberculosis is communicable Mycobacterial disease caused by members of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. It is recognized as one of the most important threats to human and animal health causing morbidity, mortality and economic losses. The disease is caused by Mycobacterium bovis which is the main agent of bovine tuberculosis. This is an acid-fast bacterium having characteristic feature of acid fast staining which is clue to waxy substance (mycolic acid) present in their bacterial wall. Bovine Tuberculosis is distributed globally except Antarctica and those countries such as Caribbean islands, parts of South America and Australia where it has been eradicated by following strict test and slaughter policies. The transmission of bovine tuberculosis is primarily by inhalation of Mycobacterium bovis which is the most probable and principal route to bovine infection and is facilitated by close, prolonged contact between infected and healthy animals. No symptoms occur in early stage of disease that is asymptomatic. However, in advanced cases, air passages, alimentary tract, or blood vessels may be obstructed by enlargement of lymph nodes. Tentative and presumptive diagnosis can be made by Ante mortem examination based on clinical signs. Mycobacterium bovis is not the major cause of human tuberculosis but it can infect human beings too either by consuming raw milk, meat and their products from infected animals or by inhaling infective droplets or direct exposure to infected animals. As an economic wise, Tuberculosis occurs in almost every country of the world and is of major importance in dairy cattle due to high morbidity and loss of production as infected animals lose 10-25% of their productive efficiency. Apart from these, advance tuberculosis may lead to death of the animals. It is also having significance to the international trade ban of animals and animal product. Therefore, control and prevention of the disease is paramount important to save the life of animals and humans and reduce banned trade of animal and animal products.

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