Abstract            Volume:14  Issue-10  Year-2026         Original Research Articles

Online ISSN : 2347 - 3215 Issues : 12 per year Publisher : Excellent Publishers Email : editorijcret@gmail.com

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic infectious disease caused primarily by Mycobacterium bovis and remains a major constraint to livestock production and public health worldwide. The disease affects cattle, wildlife, and humans, resulting in significant economic losses and serious zoonotic implications, particularly in developing countries. This review was conducted to summarize the transmission patterns, risk factors, zoonotic importance, diagnosis, prevention, and control strategies of bovine tuberculosis. The principal routes of transmission include inhalation of infectious aerosols, direct contact with infected animals, ingestion of contaminated feed, water, milk, or animal products, and environmental exposure. Factors such as animal movement, wildlife reservoirs, housing conditions, management practices, and host susceptibility contribute substantially to disease persistence and spread. Bovine tuberculosis poses a significant public health threat through zoonotic transmission, particularly where consumption of raw milk and close contact between humans and livestock are common. The disease also causes substantial economic losses due to reduced productivity, decreased milk yield, carcass condemnation, trade restrictions, and increased costs of disease control. Early diagnosis, effective surveillance, test-and-slaughter programs, pasteurization of milk, improved farm biosecurity, and implementation of One Health approaches are essential for reducing disease burden. Strengthening collaboration among veterinary and public health sectors is crucial for the effective control and eventual eradication of bovine tuberculosis.

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